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It is any name or number. Numbers merely establish identity, allowing logical operations, classification and identification.
Ordinal attribute numbers establish order only. Functions on logical and ranking operations and comparison of magnitude operations are allowed.
On the interval scales, the different intervals between numbers are meaningful.
On a ratio scale, measurement has an absolute zero, the difference between numbers is significant, and division makes sense. A population density map is an example of ratio scale measurement.
Boolean attribute has 0 and 1 to indicate presence and absence or Yes and No. It is useful for logical and indicator operations such as truth versus falsehood.
A phenomenon, characteristic, or attribute of a real world objects represented in different ways at the different scale.