They correspond to the three steps of the
scientific approach:
Exploration:the aim of this early
level of time change analysis is to describe changes of considered
phenomena, of their properties and their spatial distribution. It is an
important step of synthetic description.
Modelling: a process model describes
the interaction between objects that are organised within the geographic
information model. A process model allows to derive current status of
phenomena and is then often used to predict their future changes.
Forecasting: in this advanced level of
time change analysis, process models predict future changes that can occur
taking in account many factors and constrains in constructing these models
to reach this result.
A process model and its related Geographic information model (ArcInfo Documentation)